Byung-Chul Han: When producing was showing, not manufacturing

A philosophical reflection on the original meaning of production and its transformation in the performance society

We live in an age where everything must produce visible results. Our existence has become an uninterrupted succession of tasks, goals and figures that justify our place in the world. Free time is perceived as an anomaly, rest as a failure of the system, and pause as a void that must be filled as soon as possible. However, this understanding of production as constant manufacturing and accumulation of achievement was not always the case.

The South Korean philosopher Byung-Chul Han, one of the most influential critical voices of our time, reminds us that the concept of production had a radically different meaning. Originally, producing was not synonymous with manufacturing more, but with deciding what deserved to appear to the common gaze. This seemingly subtle distinction disarticulates our entire modern conception of work, creativity, and human value.

The forgotten sense of producing

The word production did not mean manufacturing or elaboration, but exhibiting, making visible.

— Byung-Chul Han

This statement introduces a deep fissure in our way of thinking. The word produce comes from the Latin producere, composed of pro- (forward, outward) and ducere (to guide, to carry). It literally means to carry forward or bring to light. It was not about adding value, or optimizing processes, or demonstrating usefulness, but about making present something that deserved to be seen.

In its oldest sense, producing was linked to the idea of appearance. Something was produced when it ceased to be hidden and showed itself, when it entered the common space of the visible and shared. The production was not a race against time, but a gesture that put something in relation to others, an act of trust that what was shown would find its place without being forced.

This conception implied a radically different relationship with value. Not everything that was produced had to be profitable, nor did everything visible have to be justified by its function. There were gestures, deeds and words that were produced because they made sense in themselves, not because they responded to an external demand. Production was, in a way, a contemplative act that demanded attention, care, and patience.

 

Figure 1: The original meaning of producing as an act of making visible

The performance society: when freedom becomes imperative

Han describes our age as the performance society, a system where individuals are no longer exploited by external forces, but exploit themselves under the illusion of freedom. This self-exploitation is much more effective than traditional exploitation because it is accompanied by a feeling of autonomy and personal fulfillment.

The society of the twenty-first century is no longer disciplinary, but a society of performance. Its inhabitants are no longer called subjects of obedience but subjects of performance. These subjects are entrepreneurs of themselves

— Byung-Chul Han

The paradigm shift is radical. We have gone from Foucault's disciplinary societies—hospitals, prisons, barracks, factories—to a society of gymnasiums, office towers, banks, and shopping malls. Power no longer functions through external prohibitions, but through the positivity of being able to do. The imperative is no longer you must, but you can, and it is precisely that apparent freedom that chains us.

This dynamic does not work through external imposition, but through self-demand. Each person internalizes the need to produce and becomes the manager of their own exhibition. It is not enough to do something, it must be made visible, shareable, validable. The result is a form of burnout that doesn't come from physical labor, but from the constant pressure to stay active, relevant, and present.

 

Figure 2: The subject of performance as exploiter and exploited of himself

The self as a permanent project

In this context, even personal identity is transformed. The self becomes a project that must be produced relentlessly, a kind of personal brand that must be constantly cared for, updated and optimized. Producing is no longer just making things, but making oneself. And this task, far from liberating, generates tiredness, anxiety and a diffuse sense of inadequacy.

The subject of performance is trapped in a paradox: he is simultaneously master and slave of himself. He believes himself to be free because there is no explicit boss to control him, but in reality he has internalized all the control mechanisms and submits to much more relentless self-surveillance than any external supervisor.

From shared visibility to constant exposure

The problem arises when visibility ceases to be an act of openness and becomes a permanent obligation. In contemporary society, producing is no longer just showing, but demonstrating. Demonstrate competence, value, performance, relevance. Everything that is done seems to need an explicit justification, a metric that validates it.

Visibility becomes ambiguous. On the one hand, it is essential to exist socially in the digital and professional world. On the other, it becomes a constant source of pressure and evaluation. What is not shown does not seem to count, but what is shown is immediately put on trial. Production ceases to be a free act and becomes a continuous examination.

Social networks and digital platforms have exponentially intensified this dynamic. Every post, every comment, every “ like” it becomes a unit of value that feeds the need for constant exposure. Life itself is transformed into content, into material that must be continually produced, edited, and distributed for the consumption of others.

Fatigue as a symptom of the era

Han identifies tiredness as the characteristic disease of our time. But it is not a productive tiredness that leads to rest and regeneration, but a violent tiredness that destroys all community, all closeness and all shared narrative. It is a tiredness that isolates and divides, that exhausts all the senses.

Contemporary neuropsychiatric illnesses—depression, attention deficit disorder, occupational burnout syndrome—are not individual anomalies, but symptoms of a system that demands perpetual performance. Burnout is not the result of working too much, but of the structural impossibility of stopping, of the disappearance of spaces for contemplation and true rest.

Excess positivity also manifests itself as an excess of stimuli, information, and impulses. It radically modifies the structure and economy of care. This fragments and destroys attention.

— Byung-Chul Han

 

Figure 3: Fragmentation of attention and violent fatigue

The invisible as a lost space

When everything should produce quantifiable results, something fundamental is lost: the possibility of spaces without performance. What is not translated into visible metrics is marginalized, even if it is precisely there—in silence, waiting, contemplation—where deep reflection, genuine creativity, and authentic rest emerge.

Contemplative time, that time that produces nothing in economic terms but is essential to thought and culture, has been colonized by the logic of performance. Even leisure has become a productive activity: it must be optimized, it must generate shareable experiences, it must contribute to personal development.

The vita contemplativa, that dimension of human existence dedicated to reflection and contemplation, has been almost completely absorbed by the vita activa. There is no time to think because there is always something to do, something to produce, something to demonstrate.

Towards a new understanding of production

Recovering the original meaning of production does not mean rejecting work or idealizing the past, but questioning the reduction of all activity to quantifiable output. It means remembering that showing is not the same as demonstrating, and that making visible does not necessarily imply competing or justifying oneself to an invisible but omnipresent audience.

Han proposes what he calls a revolution of time: to recover forms of temporality that are not subject to the logic of productivity. This implies claiming the right to slowness, to pause, to contemplation. It implies recognizing that not everything valuable can be measured, and that human life needs spaces where no performance is demanded.

Han's implicit proposal is an invitation to reconcile with what appears without demanding anything in return. To allow certain things to exist without being immediately evaluated. To produce without exhausting ourselves, to show without exposing ourselves completely, to accept that not everything valuable has to yield.

 

Figure 4: The Revolution of Time and the Recovery of Contemplation

Practices of resistance: kindness as a political gesture

How can we resist a system that does not oppress us from the outside but from our own interiority? Han suggests that resistance cannot be frontal—there is no external enemy to fight—but must be articulated as a praxis of delay, as a set of practices that slow down, that interrupt the constant flow of activity.

Kindness  emerges as a political category. It is not about kindness as superficial courtesy, but about a kind look at the world that does not immediately seek to appropriate, categorize or instrumentalize what it sees. It is a form of attention that allows things to be without the need to immediately translate them into value or utility.

This kindness implies recovering the ability to stop, to contemplate without purpose, to establish relationships that are not mediated by the logic of exchange. It involves psychologically dismantling the mechanisms of the performance society through small daily gestures that recover other ways of being in the world.

Conclusion: Producing as an act of appearance

In a world saturated with activity and forced visibility, rethinking production as an act of appearance can be a discreet but radical form of resistance. A way of remembering that, before manufacturing results and accumulating metrics, producing consisted simply of making visible what deserved to be seen.

It is not a question of rejecting technology, work or productivity in themselves, but of questioning their totalization. It is a matter of recovering spaces where human life can unfold in dimensions that are not immediately translatable into performance: deep thought, artistic creation without market expectations, human relationships without instrumental purpose, genuine rest.

Byung-Chul Han's philosophy invites us to recognize that we live in an age of positive violence, where the imperative to be able to do has become a more subtle form of domination but no less effective than the forms of disciplinary power of the past. And it challenges us to imagine and practice ways of life that are not entirely subsumed under the logic of performance.

Perhaps the most urgent task of our time is to learn anew how to produce in the original sense of the term: not to make more, but to discern what deserves to appear. Not to constantly prove our worth, but to trust that some things make sense on their own. Not to expose ourselves relentlessly, but to cultivate spaces of invisibility where we can simply be.

To produce is not to accumulate objects, but to choose what deserves to be put on display. Sometimes, making visible consists of removing everything else.

Conceptual references

Byung-Chul Han's key works:

• The Fatigue Society (2010) — Analysis of the transformation of disciplinary societies into performance societies.

• The Transparency Society (2012) — Critique of the contemporary obsession with total visibility.

• The Agony of Eros (2012) — On the disappearance of desire and otherness in narcissistic society.

• Psychopolitics (2014) — Analysis of neoliberalism as a form of psychic domination.

• The Expulsion of the Different (2016) — On the Loss of Otherness and Genuine Difference.

• The Scent of Time (2009) — Philosophy of temporalities and the crisis of narrative time.

Key concepts developed in the article:

Performance society: Social system characterized by the self-exploitation of subjects who believe themselves to be free but who have internalized the mechanisms of constant control and evaluation.

Violence of positivity: A form of violence that does not come from external prohibition but from an excess of stimuli, from the imperative to be able to do, from the obligation to constantly perform.

Vita contemplativa: Dimension of human existence dedicated to reflection, contemplation and deep thought, which has been colonized by the logic of performance.

Praxis of delay: A set of practices that slow down the frenetic pace of the performance society and recover non-productive forms of temporality.

Public TV will broadcast the National Team's matches in the 2026 World Cup

The Government confirmed a trade agreement that guarantees the issuance without the use of public funds

By Editorial Staff

Public TV will once again be the screen of the Argentine National Team in a World Cup. The government confirmed that the state channel will broadcast all the matches of the team led by Lionel Scaloni during the 2026 World Cup, which will be played in the United States, Mexico and Canada. The decision is part of a trade agreement that, according to official sources, will not involve the use of tax funds.

An expected announcement in a context of changes in public media

The confirmation comes at a time of debate over the role and funding of state media. Amid discussions about possible structural reforms, the government sought to send a signal of continuity in the coverage of sporting events of national interest.

The broadcast of the National Team's matches in World Cups is historically one of the most valued content by the audience. In 2022, Argentina's matches reached historic ratings peaks and consolidated TV Pública as one of the most watched channels in the country during the tournament.

A trade agreement with no tax cost

The Executive stressed that the agreement reached to obtain the broadcasting rights was made "without disbursement of public funds". As they explained, the financing will come from advertising agreements and contributions from private companies, which would cover the costs without resorting to the state budget.

The strategy aims to sustain the channel's presence in high-impact events without committing fiscal resources in a context of economic adjustment.

Which matches will be broadcast

The agreement contemplates the issuance of:

• All matches of the Argentine National Team
• The most important matches of the final phase, depending on the availability of rights
• Special coverage from the World Cup venues, with envoys and thematic programming

Public TV also plans to produce complementary content, such as tactical analysis, special programs and daily summaries.

Reactions: public support and caution in the sector

The announcement generated a positive reaction among viewers, who value the possibility of seeing the National Team on an open signal. On social networks, the news was trending for several hours.

In the audiovisual sector, the measure was received with caution. Some specialists stressed that Public TV thus maintains a strategic role in the broadcasting of massive sporting events. Others, on the other hand, raised questions about the sustainability of a model based solely on trade agreements, especially in a volatile advertising market.

A World Cup with an expanded format and logistical challenges

The 2026 World Cup will be the first with 48 teams, which implies a longer schedule and greater demand for production. The distances between locations in the United States, Mexico and Canada also represent a challenge for news teams.

Even so, Public TV assures that they are already working on operational planning to guarantee quality coverage.

Conclusion: a political gesture and a commitment to the audience

The decision to broadcast the National Team's matches on Public TV combines a political gesture – maintaining a service of high social interest – with an alternative financing strategy. In a context of changes and tensions in the media system, the announcement seeks to reinforce the idea that the state channel will continue to be present at major sporting events.

The challenge will be to sustain the quality of coverage and ensure that the business model adopted is viable over time.

GOLDEN GLOBES 2026

Full List of Winners and Protests Against ICE

The 2026 Golden Globes held its 83rd edition on January 11 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Los Angeles, marking a historic milestone not only for its awardees, but for becoming the scene of a powerful political protest. A-list celebrities took to the red carpet to demonstrate against the actions of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, wearing pins with the messages "Be Good" and "ICE Out" in memory of Renee Good, a woman killed by an ICE agent days before the ceremony.

Symbolic Protests Dominate the Red Carpet

The red carpet of the 2026 Golden Globes ceased to be just a fashion showcase to become a platform for political activism. Multiple celebrities wore pins with anti-ICE slogans, introducing a strong social stance at an awards show that the previous year had avoided political pronouncements.

Renee Good Case: The Trigger for the Protest

On January 7, 2026, Renée Nicole Good, 37, a U.S. citizen and mother of three, was fatally shot by an ICE agent while in her car during an operation in Minneapolis. Good, described as a poet and community activist, had decided to stop her vehicle to observe and peacefully alert about the presence of agents, carrying only whistles to warn other neighbors. The case has sparked national outcry and an FBI investigation.

Celebrities Who Spoke Out

Among the figures who wore the protest pins were:

·       Mark Ruffalo: The "Hulk" actor declared that "this is for Renee Good and for the people in America who are terrified today." He harshly criticized Donald Trump, calling him "the worst human being in the world."

·       Wanda Sykes: She explained the meaning of pins in interviews on the red carpet.

·       Jean Smart: The winner of best comedy actress wore the pin during the gala.

·       Ariana Grande: She joined the silent protest during the event.

·       Natasha Lyonne: Visible with the message "ICE Out" upon arrival.

The Organization Behind the Campaign

The protest was organized by activists Nelini Stamp of Working Families Power and Jess Morales Rocketto of Maremoto, who compared the movement to historic moments such as Marlon Brando's rejection of the Oscar in 1973. "There's a long tradition of people creating art taking a stand for justice at key moments," Stamp said. Organizers promised to continue the campaign throughout the awards season.

Film Category Winners

The big winner: "One battle after another"

Paul Thomas Anderson's film "One Battle After Another" was crowned the big winner of the night in cinemas, taking four Golden Globes out of the nine nominations it received. This victory cements Anderson as one of the most celebrated directors in the industry, being his first Golden Globe as a director after years of recognition.

MAIN CATEGORIES - CINEMA

CATEGORY	WINNER
Best Motion Picture - Drama	Hamnet
Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy	One battle after another
Best Director	Paul Thomas Anderson (Battle After Battle)
Best Screenplay	Paul Thomas Anderson (Battle After Battle)
Best Actor - Drama	Wagner Moura (The Secret Agent)
Best Actress - Drama	Jessie Buckley (Hamnet)
Best Actor - Musical or Comedy	Timothée Chalamet (Marty Supreme)
Best Actress - Musical or Comedy	Rose Byrne (Battle After Battle)
Best Supporting Actor	Stellan Skarsgård (Frankenstein)
Best Supporting Actress	Teyana Taylor (Battle After Battle)

 

SPECIAL CATEGORIES - CINEMA

CATEGORY	WINNER
Best Foreign Language Film	The Secret Agent (Brazil)
Best Animated Feature	Las Guerreras K-Pop (KPop Demon Hunters)
Best Original Song	"Golden" - The K-Pop Warriors
Best Original Score	Hamnet
Cinematic and Box Office Achievement	Sinners

 

Highlights

Wagner Moura made history by becoming the first Brazilian actor to win a Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Drama for his role in "The Secret Agent", a film that also won the award for Best Foreign Language Film, beating the Spanish "Sirat". Timothée Chalamet continued his streak of success with his win for "Marty Supreme," while breakout Teyana Taylor surprised by winning Best Supporting Actress.

 

Winners in Television Categories

"Adolescence" Sweeps Series

The Netflix miniseries "Adolescence" became the big winner in the television categories, taking four awards out of five nominations. The series, which follows in the footsteps of the successful "Baby Reindeer", won over critics and audiences with its raw representation of contemporary British adolescence.

MAIN CATEGORIES - TELEVISION

CATEGORY	WINNER
Best Series - Drama	The Pitt
Best Series - Musical or Comedy	The Studio
Best Miniseries or TV Movie	Adolescence
Best Actor - Drama Series	Noah Wyle (The Pitt)
Best Actress - Drama Series	Rhea Seehorn (Pluribus)
Best Actor - Comedy Series	Seth Rogen (The Studio)
Best Actress - Comedy Series	Jean Smart (Hacks)
Best Actor - Miniseries or TV Movie	Stephen Graham (Adolescence)
Best Actress - Miniseries or TV Movie	Michelle Williams (Adolescence)

 

SUPPORTING ACTORS - TELEVISION

CATEGORY	WINNER
Best Supporting Actor - TV	Owen Cooper (Adolescence)
Best Supporting Actress - TV	Erin Doherty (Adolescence)
Best Stand-Up Performance	Ricky Gervais (Mortality)
Mejor Podcast	Good Hang with Amy Poehler

 

Memorable Moments from Television

Jean Smart received her third Golden Globe for her role as Deborah Vance in "Hacks," cementing herself as one of the most celebrated actresses on television today. "I'm one of the luckiest people in this industry and I don't take it lightly," she said excitedly. Meanwhile, Amy Poehler won the inaugural first award for Best Podcast, receiving the award from Snoop Dogg in one of the funniest moments of the night.

The Red Carpet: Glamour and Style

The red carpet of the 2026 Golden Globes displayed a diverse color palette that ranged from delicate pastel tones to shiny metallics. Gold and silver made their appearance again, testaments to the permanence of the classics, while vibrant shades of red, klein blue and emerald green conveyed a special energy.

Best Looks of the Night

·       Amanda Seyfried: Spectacular in a draped white dress by Versace and jewelry by Tiffany & Co. that made her one of the most talked about of the night.

·       Jennifer Lawrence: She surprised with a dress of transparencies and flowers by Givenchy that was one of the undisputed protagonists.

·       Amal Clooney: She made an impact in a draped red Balmain dress with a heart-shaped neckline, Jimmy Choo bag and Aquazzura shoes.

·       Ariana Grande: She opted for a vaporous black dress with a fitted corset and ties on the shoulders, combining modernity and romanticism.

·       Kate Hudson: She dazzled in a stunning silver dress with metallic fringes by Armani Privé.

·       Julia Roberts: All elegance in a velvet dress by Giorgio Armani in tribute to the late designer.

·       Jennifer Lopez: Groundbreaking in a mermaid silhouette dress with baroque embroidery by Lily et Cie.

·       Emily Blunt: Impeccable in a white outfit with a Louis Vuitton cape.

·       Ana de Armas: Elegant in a black satin dress by Dior.

·       Pamela Anderson: She surprised with a minimalist white outfit, hair up and natural makeup.

Men's Trend: Brooches

Brooches became the male trend of the night, beyond protest pins. Oscar Isaac, Dave Franco and Patrick Schwarzenegger were some of the most elegant actors who opted for this jewel to accompany their tuxedos, proving that brooches are much more than a watch.

Nikki Glaser: The Hostess Who Conquered Hollywood

Nikki Glaser returned as host for the second year in a row, cementing herself as one of the most successful hosts in recent Golden Globe history. The comedian, known for her biting humor in the "roasts", proved that the best jokes work when the host reveres her subjects.

Monologue Highlights

·       He joked about Sean Penn's aging by comparing him to a "leather handbag" and mentioned 'El Chapo' in a joke that generated laughter and surprise.

·       He referenced Leonardo DiCaprio and his young girlfriends, a recurring but always effective theme.

·       He maintained a perfect balance between irreverent humor and respect for the honorees.

 

Ceremony Facts and Statistics

KEY FIGURES FROM THE 83RD EDITION

CATEGORY	FACT
Edition	83rd
Date	January 11, 2026
Headquarters	The Beverly Hilton Hotel, Beverly Hills
Hostess	Nikki Glaser (2nd year in a row)
Most nominated film	One battle after another (9 nominations)
Most nominated series	The White Lotus (6 nominations)
Main Winner - Film	One battle after another (4 prizes)
Main Winner - TV	Adolescence (4 awards)
Inaugural category	Mejor Podcast
Transmission	CBS y Paramount+

 

Honorary Lifetime Achievement Awards

After not being televised the previous year, the two Lifetime Achievement Awards returned during a primetime special titled "Golden Eve," aired on January 8, 2026, on CBS and Paramount+.

·       Cecil B. DeMille Award: Helen Mirren, legendary British actress recognized for her versatility and her multiple portrayals of royalty.

·       Carol Burnett Award: Sarah Jessica Parker, American television icon and star of "Sex and the City".

 

Analysis: Implications for Awards Season

The 2026 Golden Globes are once again consolidated as the definitive thermometer and the prelude to the Oscars. Wagner Moura's win marks a historic precedent that could influence Academy nominations, while the dominance of "Battle After Battle" positions her as a favorite for multiple categories at the industry awards.

Observed Trends

·       International diversity: The triumph of Brazilian and Korean productions signals a growing openness of Hollywood to world cinema.

·       Political activism: The return of political protests on the red carpet marks a change of direction from last year's ceremony.

·       New categories: The inclusion of Best Podcast reflects the evolution of cultural consumption and the adaptation of the awards to new platforms.

·       Dominance of streaming platforms: Netflix and Apple TV+ continue to consolidate their presence in the main categories.

 

Conclusion

The 2026 Golden Globes will go down in history not only for their winners, but for reminding us that film and television are powerful platforms for social change. On a night where glamour met protest, Hollywood showed that art and activism can coexist, sending a clear message about the responsibility of public figures in times of social crisis. With "One Battle After Another" and "Adolescence" leading their respective categories, and with voices like Mark Ruffalo's resonating beyond the red carpet, this edition marks a turning point in how the entertainment industry engages with the pressing political issues of our time.

___________

© 2026 MiDire - Portal de Noticias y Cultura

Fuentes: Variety, The Hollywood Reporter, CNN, Billboard, FormulaTV

Nicolás Maduro was captured

Nicolás Maduro was captured in Venezuela by U.S. forces and transferred to New York, where he was held in a federal prison on charges of narcoterrorism and conspiracy. The operation, confirmed by President Donald Trump, marks a historic turn in hemispheric politics.

🛑 Capture in Venezuela

• Date: The operation was performed on Saturday, January 3, 2026.
• Intervening forces: A U.S. special commando, including Delta Force units, executed an action by land, sea and air that lasted less than 20 minutes.
• Location: Maduro was intercepted in Venezuelan territory and initially transferred to the USS Iwo Jima, bound for Guantánamo.
• Official confirmation: Donald Trump posted images of the moment on social media, assuring that the U.S. "will lead the democratic transition in Venezuela."

✈️ Moving to the United States

• Air route: From Guantanamo, Maduro was flown by military plane to an airport in upstate New York.
• Entry into Manhattan: He was later transferred by helicopter to a helipad on the west side of Manhattan, near 31st Street and the Hudson River.
• Custody: A caravan of police vehicles escorted the former president to federal facilities linked to the DEA.

🔒 Brooklyn Prison

• Detention Center: Nicolás Maduro was admitted to the Metropolitan Detention Center (MDC), a federal prison located in the borough of Brooklyn.
• Charges: He faces accusations of narco-terrorism, international conspiracy and drug trafficking, according to judicial sources.
• Conditions: The MDC is a high-security prison that has housed figures such as Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán.
• Judicial process: It is expected that in the coming days the formal process before federal courts will begin.

📌 Political implications

• Regional impact: Maduro's capture represents a break in the Bolivarian axis and could accelerate the democratic transition in Venezuela.
• International reactions: Latin American and European governments have asked for procedural guarantees, while Chavista sectors denounce "imperial kidnapping."
• Trump's message: The U.S. president affirmed that "international justice cannot wait any longer" and that "Venezuela will be free."

'Operation Absolute Resolve': The military assault that redrew the geopolitical map in 48 hours

1. THE UNPRECEDENTED EVENT

In an operation that rewrites the manual of contemporary international law, U.S. special forces captured Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro in Caracas during the early hours of January 3. "Operation Absolute Resolve" – carried out with 150 aircraft from twenty bases – represents the first forced extraction of a sitting head of state in Latin America by the United States since the invasion of Panama in 1989.

The key fact: The operational timing (22:46 to 03:29 Washington time) reveals meticulous planning that took advantage of Venezuelan weather windows and surveillance cycles.

2. ANATOMY OF A LIGHTNING OPERATION

Intelligence phase (previous months)

According to statements by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Dan Caine, the CIA and military intelligence agencies carried out:

• Exhaustive surveillance: Movement patterns, habits, security routines of President Maduro
• Architectural replica: Construction of a duplicate of the presidential residence for training
• Vulnerability Analysis: Venezuelan Air Defense Systems, Military Response Times

Execution (night of 2 to 3 January)

22:46: Donald Trump's presidential order from Mar-a-Lago
00:00-01:00: Coordinated takeoff of 150 aircraft (F-22, F-35, B-1, E-2, drones)
01:01 (02:01 Caracas): Delta Force forces arrive at the target
03:29: Maduro and Cilia Flores embarked on USS Iwo Jima

Critical points attacked simultaneously:

• Fort Tiuna (main military base)
• La Carlota Air Base
• Port of La Guaira
• El Volcán antenna station

3. THE OIL FACTOR: THE GEOPOLITICAL COUNTDOWN

Trump's statements on Venezuelan oil offer the fundamental interpretative key:

"We're going to make our big American oil companies [...] invest billions of dollars, repair the oil infrastructure [...] and start generating profits"

Economic contextualization:

• Reserves: 303.22 billion barrels (17% worldwide)
• Current production: <500,000 barrels/day (vs. 3 million in 1998)
• Investment required: Estimated $200-250 billion to recover capacity

Experts consulted point out that this operation coincides with:

1. Renegotiation of the U.S.-China oil agreement U.S.-Saudi Arabia
2. Inflationary pressures due to energy prices
3. Strategy for relocating critical chains outside the Middle East

4. UNANSWERED QUESTIONS

To. On international legality

• Which article of the OAS or UN Charter does the United States invoke?
• Was there authorization from the Security Council?
• How is the announced U.S. "guardianship" articulated?

B. On the situation in Venezuela

• Casualty figures: Only contradictory statements (Venezuelan Vice Presidency vs. Pentagon)
• Reaction of the FANB: Organized Resistance or Institutional Collapse?
• Interim government: Delcy Rodríguez affirms constitutional continuity from undisclosed location

C. The judicial process

• Southern Judicial District of New York: History in Transnational Drug Trafficking Cases
• Precedents cited: Noriega (Panama) and J.O. Hernández (Honduras)
• Procedural Questions: Capture in Foreign Territory Without Extradition

5. INTERNATIONAL REACTIONS: A DIVIDED CONTINENT

Immediate support:

• Lima Group: Colombia, Brazil, Chile issued coordinated communiqués
• Pacific Alliance: Support for "democratic restoration"

Convictions and reservations:

• Mexico: "It flagrantly violates sovereignty and international law"
• Argentina: Urgent call by CELAC and UNASUR
• CARICOM: Internal Division, 7 Countries Reject Unilateral Action

Global players:

• China: "Serious precedent of hegemonism"
• Russia: Urgent meeting of the Security Council
• European Union: Ambiguous communiqué, emphasizes "need for stability"

6. PROJECTED SCENARIOS

Scenario 1: Consolidation of control (40% probability)

• Establishment of pro-U.S. interim government
• Deployment of "stabilization" troops
• Fast start of oil contracts with ExxonMobil, Chevron

Scenario 2: Resistance and protracted conflict (35%)

• Formation of military/paramilitary resistance fronts
• Regional destabilization campaign
• Intervention of external actors (Russia, Iran via proxies)

Scenario 3: Institutional collapse and humanitarian crisis (25%)

• Power vacuum at the state and local level
• Massive migratory wave (potential +3 million in 6 months)
• Internationalization of the conflict via the United Nations