Jon Fosse, winner of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature

Nobel Prize in Literature awarded to Norwegian author Jon Fosse

STOCKHOLM-- Norwegian author Jon Fosse has won the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Swedish Academy announced here today.

Fosse's immense body of work, written in Norwegian Nynorsk and spanning a variety of genres, consists of a large number of plays, novels, poetry collections, essays, children's books and translations, the academy said.

Fosse was born in 1959 in Haugesund, Norway. "While today he is one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world, he has also become increasingly recognized for his prose," the academy said in the news release.

In its justification, the Swedish Academy says, among other things, that Jon Fosse gives voice to the unsaid and, as paradoxical as it may seem, this is exactly how great literature can work. It is in the spaces, in the rhythm and in the silence between people where much of the tension lies in Fosse's prose and drama.

In reality, we are talking here about a form of classical existentialism, a recognition that man is fundamentally left to himself in this world. Everything else is incomprehension, volatility and distance.

In his later books, including the seven-volume (!) Septologien, Fosse twists his story in an almost ruthless literary way.

Memories and dreams, reality and fantasy come together in an incessant stream. The main character, Asle, is drawn towards the transcendent, in what eventually becomes a unique and evocative creed.

In a text that is written without a single period! It is very boldly done, but Jon Fosse orchestrates this entire work with symphonic assurance. Beneath this and other texts by Fosse, there is a sense of something precarious waiting to break through.

It keeps the reader attentive far forward in the chair and uses the rhythm and touch of the language to the fullest. It's compelling, it's dark, it's repetitive. You will never doubt that you are in a waterfall universe. No one else in Norwegian literature can imitate him in such artistic intransigence. But Norway is no longer the natural criterion for Jon Fosse.

Now he is up there on Parnassus, among the best writers living and deceased that the world has ever fostered! Jon Fosse has been writing books for 40 years, since his debut in 1983. Novels, stories, children's books, essays, poetry and, therefore, theater.

To this we must add the fact that he has translated several plays into the rich Norwegian Nynorsk, with a special fondness for Greek tragedies. We are talking here about a quite unique literary work. Fosse has never hidden the fact that he is characterized by a pietistic background, and the religious dimension has become increasingly evident in his literature. Ten years ago he also announced his conversion to Catholicism.

But anyone who thinks Jon Fosse only writes sensitive books about spirituality, anxiety and longing is shamefully mistaken. His books are also strongly sensual. Here you can smell the smell of birch wood, roast pork and scraped balls from the pages of the book. And in the eternal darkness of November to which Fosse so often adds his actions, there is a ray of light and pulse.

Jon Fosse is probably a global name, but he is also unmistakably Western. And through the darkness and the rain, there are still glimmers of Western humor.

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Three scientists share this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

This year's laureates "have managed to produce particles so small that their properties are determined by quantum phenomena. The particles, which are called quantum dots, are now of great importance in nanotechnology," said the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

STOCKHOLM-- Three scientists, Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov, won the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, "for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots," the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced today, Wednesday.

The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry rewards the discovery and development of quantum dots, nanoparticles so small that their size determines their properties, the academy said in a statement.

"These smaller nanotechnology components now spread their light from televisions and LED lamps, and can also guide surgeons when removing tumor tissue, among many other things," he added. This year's winners "have managed to produce particles so small that their properties are determined by quantum phenomena.

The particles, which are called quantum dots, are now of great importance in nanotechnology," the statement said. "Quantum dots have many fascinating and unusual properties. Importantly, they have different colors depending on their size," said Johan Aqvist, chairman of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry.

In the early 1980s, Ekimov managed to create size-dependent quantum effects in colored glass. The color came from copper chloride nanoparticles, and Ekimov showed that particle size affected the color of the glass through quantum effects.

A few years later, Brus was the first scientist in the world to test size-dependent quantum effects in particles floating freely in a fluid.

In 1993, Bawendi revolutionized the chemical production of quantum dots, resulting in near-perfect particles. This high quality was necessary for them to be used in applications.

Quantum dots now light up computer monitors and television screens based on QLED technology. They also add nuances to the light of some LED lamps, and are used by biochemists and doctors to map biological tissue. Researchers believe that in the future they could contribute to flexible electronics, tiny sensors, thinner solar cells and encrypted quantum communication, the statement said.

"(I am) very surprised, unexpected and very honored," Bawendi said in the on-site telephone interview about his reactions. Bawendi, born in 1961 in Paris, France, earned his PhD in 1988 from the University of Chicago in the United States. He is now a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Brus, born in 1943 in Cleveland, United States, earned his doctorate in 1969 from Columbia University. He is now a professor at Columbia University.

Ekimov, born in 1945 in the USSR, obtained his doctorate in 1974 at the Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russia. He was the chief scientist of Nanocrystals Technology Inc., United States.

The prize amount is 11 million Swedish krona (about 1 million US dollars) and will be shared equally between the three winners. (1 Swedish krona = 0.091 US dollar).

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The capsule with samples from the asteroid Bennu separated from the OSIRIS-Rex probe before landing

A capsule containing soil samples collected on the asteroid Bennu on Sunday separated from the US OSIRIS-Rex spacecraft flying near Earth ahead of an upcoming landing, NASA said.

The separation was carried out at an altitude of 102 thousand km about four hours before landing. After re-entering Earth's atmosphere around 10:42 a.m. EDT, the capsule should land in 13 minutes using a parachute system at the Pentagon test site in the Utah desert, 122 km from the city of Salt Lake City.

The capsule will deliver about 250 grams of soil from the asteroid to Earth. After landing, it will be sent to NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft was launched in 2016 and arrived at the asteroid Bennu in December 2018. The probe was in orbit of the asteroid for two years, during which it was studied remotely.

Having approached the surface of the asteroid in October 2020, the probe touched down with the help of a manipulator arm.

Scientists hope soil samples from Bennu will provide new data on the formation of the solar system 4.5 million years ago. It is assumed that the asteroid's surface may contain matter preserved from the moment of its inception.

This is NASA's first mission to return soil samples from asteroids to Earth. After flying close to Earth, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft will continue its journey to the asteroid Apophis to study it.

The OSIRIS-REx mission is named after the Egyptian god of the underworld, Osiris, and the asteroid Benn was named after a bird in 2013, symbolizing the resurrection of this god. According to calculations of the trajectory of movement, the asteroid Bennu, discovered in September 1999, has a chance of colliding with the Earth in the period from 2169 to 2199. NASA considers this object to be a potentially dangerous celestial body for the planet.

The mass of Bennu reaches 140 million tons, the diameter is 560 m. the fall of such a body to Earth would lead to catastrophic consequences. Illustration provided by NASA of the OSIRIS-Rex spacecraft on the asteroid Bennu.

Ilustración proporcionada por la NASA de la nave espacial OSIRIS-Rex en el asteroide Bennu

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How do you make a cell phone?

Cell phones have a wide variety of uses, from making calls and sending text messages to browsing the Internet and taking photos. In addition, cell phones are used to work, study, make online purchases, play video games and listen to music. Mobile phones are one of the most popular and used technological devices around the world. Since their invention, cell phones have evolved significantly with new features and designs. But have you ever wondered how cell phones are made? In this article, we will explain the step-by-step production process of cell phones. Materials necessary for its manufacture The manufacture of cell phones requires a large amount of materials. The most important components are the processor, RAM, screen, battery and case. In addition, other materials such as copper, aluminum, plastic, glass, gold and silver are needed.fa Industrial processes necessary for its manufacturing The cell phone production process is very complex and requires the intervention of several industries. Below are the processes necessary to manufacture a cell phone: 1. Design: The first step is the design of the cell phone, which includes the selection of materials and the definition of technical specifications. 2. Manufacturing of components: The components of the cell phone are manufactured separately in different factories. For example, the processor is manufactured in a semiconductor factory, the display in an LCD panel factory, and the battery in a battery factory. 3. Assembly: Once the components are ready, they are sent to the assembly factory where they are joined together to form the cell phone. This process includes soldering the components to the motherboard, installing the battery, and placing the case. 4. Testing: After assembly, each cell phone is subjected to rigorous quality tests to ensure that it works correctly. 5. Packaging: Finally, the cell phones are packaged and sent to the distributors. Main global cell phone manufacturers and where they have their factories The main cell phone manufacturers globally are Samsung, Apple, Huawei, Xiaomi and Oppo. These companies have factories around the world, including China, South Korea, the United States and Mexico. Samsung is the largest cell phone manufacturer in the world and has factories in South Korea, Vietnam, India, Brazil and China. Apple, for its part, manufactures the iPhone in China and the United States. Huawei has factories in China and Europe, while Xiaomi and Oppo have most of their factories in China. All consumer technology manufacturers are very wary of showing off their machinery. Perhaps because what for some would be showing their power, for them means exposing themselves to imitations. However, we investigate and can make known the production process of mobile phones, from the first filament to the final packaging. Accessing different factories where millions of smartphones are generated per month is not easy. Before going to the production room you must remove all metal, belts, jackets... even earrings and shoes. Wearing a white coat, rubber flip-flops and a hat that collects hair, everyone who enters the factory must pass through airport-style security arches. Once inside, the plant is divided into production lines in which units of the firm's smartphone are manufactured non-stop. “One every XX seconds”, as highlighted by the different guides of the different factories that opened their doors to us. It all begins in the area called 'SMT', the first phase of order preparation. It is an area where dozens of rolls similar to cinema films are accumulated, but instead of scenes they contain metal filaments that are the raw material for what will later become a high-performance smartphone. The motherboard is prepared in this first phase. All the following components are included with different machines prepared for each of them on the motherboard. A scan is made of each component and if there has been an error, engineers are called to solve the problem. The different robots place the insulator, the glue that ensures that if the phone falls to the ground it is protected, the element that balances the internal and external temperature, etc. Until now the mobile phone has not been touched by anyone. It is from this step that the technicians appear on the scene. A row of workers assembles the parts of several devices at the same time. They place the camera lenses and other external components such as the screen, the touch panel and the fingerprint recognition sensor. Once finished, we move on to 'testing' where the terminal is tested under “extreme” conditions to determine how it works.

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The Resilient Africa cargo ship crossed the Bosphorus Strait on Thursday, becoming the first Ukrainian grain ship to reach the Black Sea through a temporary corridor. Citing sources that monitor maritime traffic in the area.

Ukrainian officials said the Palau-flagged ship Resilient Africa had an international crew that left the Ukrainian port of Chornomorsk on Tuesday with a cargo of 3,000.20 tons of wheat. A "small test batch." The Aroyat ship with almost 4,000 tons of cargo is expected to depart next. Ukraine is the region's second-largest grain exporter after Russia, achieving a record wheat harvest for the second year in a row.

The new shipping corridor for Ukraine's main export item is not comparable to the previous one, neither in terms of volume nor security.

But for Ukraine, which faces an invasion by Russian forces, any ship carrying corn or wheat heading to the Black Sea is vital. It needs to sell its crops and there are fewer export routes every day due to Russian aggression and dissatisfaction in some EU states with the import of cheap Ukrainian grain. After withdrawing from the grain export agreement, Russia declared all ships bound for Ukrainian ports military objectives, which, together with the danger of planted mines, de facto closed the Black Sea route to most aircraft carriers.

In early September, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan attempted to persuade Russian President Vladimir Putin to restore a safe corridor from Odessa to Istanbul, but Putin rejected the proposal. As a result, Ukraine agreed to an alternative route with Turkey, and at the end of August five ships that had been stuck in Ukrainian ports since February last year, when the Russian invasion began, passed through this humanitarian corridor.

Experts have warned that the Kremlin's attempts to crack down on Ukraine's grain exports, the associated effort to deprive it of revenue and get rid of its main grain rival, could result in an escalation in the Black Sea region and disruption of Russian grain supplies, which would result in a jump in global food prices.

According to the Russian analysis company Sovecon, it is politically important for kyiv to demonstrate that it can export grain by sea from the Odessa terminals, even without a deal and without Russian participation. "Moscow will certainly try to cut off supplies through this corridor to show its strength in the Black Sea," analysts said.

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The volume of weapons requested by kyiv exceeds NATO capabilities

The scale of military assistance requested by Ukraine exceeds NATO's production capacity, Rob Bauer, chairman of the alliance's military committee, said Saturday.

"The volume of weapons and ammunition that Ukraine is requesting is enormous. (...) The scale and volume of weapons used exceeds our production capabilities," Bauer said at a news conference in Oslo".

According to him, now NATO countries "give away weapons and order new ones, and there is no balance in this process".

In addition, the head of the military committee noted that, when deciding on the supply of weapons to Kiev, countries must also think about the risks to the security of their state and the North Atlantic Alliance as a whole.

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Chrome and Edge users must update the browser due to a security error

Google and Microsoft have released emergency updates to their web browsers to address a recently revealed security vulnerability. This worrying threat has the potential to impact the privacy and security of Internet users.

The security breach is a problem that is affecting the way images are processed in the WebP format, which is one of the extensions most used by different portals to upload their content, since it reduces the weight of the files and adapts to different formats.

This vulnerability could allow attackers to take control of compromised devices and there are reports that indicate that impacts have already been detected, which is why the world's most important browsers are taking measures to stop its advance.

How to update Chrome and Edge

Google has responded quickly to this threat. The company has already implemented an update in Chrome, for Mac, Linux and Windows platforms. This version directly attacks the recent vulnerability and strengthens the security of users.

For those who have automatic updates enabled, it is likely that the new version has already been downloaded and installed on the system. For those who do not have it, it is recommended to do the process soon to avoid risks. The process is as follows:

1) Open the Browser

2) Click on the three dots on the right side at the top of the screen.

3) Go to Settings.

4) Go to About (Browser)

After this, the browser will look for the latest update and if it finds one, it will start installing it, so we will have to restart the page.

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Kim Jong Un's armored train: "A sweet home"

Images in Russian and North Korean state media showed North Korean leader Kim Jong Un traveling to Russia for a long-awaited meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin on an armored train, a method of travel that has been used by the Kim dynasty for decades. Since taking power in 2011, Kim Jong Un has made 10 foreign trips in total to five countries and has traveled by train on several of those occasions, Reuters reported, including to Vietnam's capital, Hanoi, for a summit with the then President of the United States, Donald Trump, in 2019. In April 2019, Kim also traveled by train to the Russian port city of Vladivostok to meet Putin for the first time, the last meeting between the two men so far. "If you travel by train, you can command the entire country from anywhere, receive all faxes and emails, and access all reports because all communication facilities are available. So for Kim Jong Un, you can feel as comfortable as their home," former North Korean official Ko Young Hwan told Reuters news agency on Tuesday. Ahn Byung-min, a South Korean expert on North Korean transportation, told Reuters that the armored trains that have transported the North's leaders over the years have between 10 and 15 carriages each, some of which are reserved exclusively for Kim Jong Un, like a private bedroom, while other carriages carry key members of the leader's entourage as security guards. The green with yellow stripes train that Kim Jong Un was photographed boarding to Russia is the same design that the dictator's late father, Kim Jong Il, appeared to use to visit Russia in 2001, according to Reuters. Russian military commander Konstantin Pulikovsky, who spent time aboard the train with Kim Jong Il during the visit to Russia in 2001, recalled that "it is possible to order any dish from Russian, Chinese, Korean, Japanese and French cuisine." In his memoirs, Pulikovsky said that live lobsters were transported to the train to ensure the availability of fresh seafood, while cases of red wine from Bordeaux and Burgundy were imported from Paris. Even Vladimir Putin's private train "didn't have the comfort of Kim Jong Il's train," he said. Kim Jong Il's train was also described as having "conference rooms, an audience room and bedrooms. Satellite phone connections and flat-screen televisions have been installed so the North Korean leader can be briefed and issue orders," according to a report. report by the South Korean newspaper Chosun Ilbo in 2009. Kim Jong Un's father traveled by train for each of the three occasions he visited Russia. The train was described by North Korean state media as "a sweet home and office" for Kim Jong Il.

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