Quantum Computing: What Is It and How Does It Work? - by cronywell 06/08/2025 » 17:19 

Quantum Computing: What Is It and How Does It Work?

Introduction

Quantum computing represents a revolutionary paradigm in information processing that takes advantage of the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics. Unlike traditional computers that process information sequentially using bits (0 and 1), quantum computers use qubits that can exist in multiple states simultaneously.

Historical Foundations

Origins of Quantum Mechanics

The theoretical foundations were laid between 1900-1930, with key contributions from:

• Albert Einstein: Stimulated Emission (1917)
• Edwin Schrödinger: Quantum Wave Equation (1925)
• Fifth Solvay Congress (1927): Consolidation of quantum theory

Development of Quantum Computing

• 1981: Paul Benioff proposes the first theoretical quantum computer
• 1982: Richard Feynman suggests that quantum computers could outperform classical computers
• 1990s: Development of the first quantum algorithms

Fundamental Concepts

Qubits vs Classic Bits

Classical bits: Represent defined states (0 or 1) Qubits: Can exist in superposition of states, processing multiple possibilities simultaneously

Key Quantum Properties

Quantum superposition: The ability of a quantum system to exist in multiple states simultaneously until it is measured.

Quantum entanglement: A phenomenon where particles remain connected instantaneously, regardless of the distance separating them.

Quantum Parallelism: Allows multiple solutions to be analyzed simultaneously, offering exponential computational advantages.

Technical Operation

Physical Architecture

Quantum computers require extreme conditions:

• Temperature: Near absolute zero (-273.15°C)
• Superconducting Materials: To remove electrical resistance
• Ion traps: Use electromagnetic fields to control particles
• Optical systems: They use photons controlled by light waves

Qubit Control

Control is achieved by:

• Precise electromagnetic fields
• Control lasers for manipulating spin states
• Superconducting circuits for modifying currents

Featured Quantum Algorithms

Shor's Algorithm (1995)

Application: Large Number Factorization Relevance: Potential Threat to Current RSA-Based Cryptography

Grover's algorithm (1996)

Application: Search in unstructured databases Advantage: Accelerates search quadratically compared to classical algorithms

Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm (1992)

Application: Determining Properties of Functions Importance: Theoretical Proof of Quantum Superiority

Current and Future Applications

Sectors of Application

• Pharmaceutical Research: Complex Molecular Simulation
• Artificial Intelligence: Big Data Processing
• Cryptography: Development of Quantum Security Systems
• Logistics Optimization: Troubleshooting Routes and Resources
• Materials Science: New Materials Design

Leading Companies

IBM, Google, Microsoft, Intel, D-Wave, Rigetti, among others, are investing significantly in this technology.

Current Status (2025)

Recent Milestones

• IBM Q System One: First commercial quantum computer (2019)
• Google's Quantum Supremacy: Demonstration of Superior Capabilities (2019)
• IBM Quantum Experience: Publicly accessible platform for experimentation

Current Limitations

• Decoherence: Qubits lose their quantum state quickly
• Error Rates: Currently high, requiring error correction
• Scalability: Difficulty in increasing the number of stable qubits
• Cost: Extremely high for implementation

Future Prospects

Expected Developments (Next Decades)

• General-purpose quantum computers: With more than 1,000 stable qubits
• AI Integration: Exponential Acceleration of Machine Learning
• New Quantum Materials: Using Organic Molecules as Qubits
• Miniaturization: More compact and accessible quantum devices

Transformational Impact

Quantum computing promises to revolutionize:

• Drug Discovery
• Climate Modeling
• Financial optimization
• Advanced AI Development
• Ultra-secure communications

Conclusion

Quantum computing will not completely replace traditional computers, but will function as a complementary technology to solve specific problems of high complexity. Its development represents one of the most significant technological advances of the 21st century, with the potential to transform multiple industries and accelerate scientific progress exponentially.

The future of quantum computing will depend on overcoming current technical challenges, developing more efficient algorithms, and making the technology more accessible for widespread commercial applications.

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What to sow in July? - by cronywell 05/07/2025 » 18:43 

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What to sow in June? - by cronywell 07/06/2025 » 19:42 

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The challenge of citizen participation in Argentina - by cronywell 27/05/2025 » 19:35 

The challenge of citizen participation in Argentina

The historic low voter turnout of 53% in Buenos Aires reflects a deeper problem that transcends immediate economic issues. Argentina is facing a crisis of democratic confidence that has been brewing for years, characterized by citizen disenchantment with institutional politics.

This disconnect arises from multiple factors: the inadequate treatment of the most vulnerable sectors, the absence of empathy in public policies, and the systematic inability to generate basic consensus among political forces. The result is a fragmented society where citizens are progressively moving away from traditional democratic mechanisms.

The recovery of democratic trust requires a change of approach that prioritizes dialogue, genuine social inclusion and the construction of minimum agreements that transcend party differences. Only in this way can this worrying trend that weakens the very foundations of the Argentine democratic system be reversed.

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What to sow in May? - by cronywell 19/05/2025 » 20:28 

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What to plant in April? - by cronywell 04/04/2025 » 13:53 

What to plant in April?

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What to sow in March? - by cronywell 14/03/2025 » 19:55 

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Vegetables sown in February in the southern hemisphere. - by cronywell 16/02/2025 » 21:29 

Vegetables sown in February in the southern hemisphere.

Chard

Place: semi shade
Sowing: direct in crescent
Depth of sowing: 2 cm
Watering: normal
Germination: 7 to 9 days
Transplanting: 20 to 40 days
Harvest: 3 months on full moon
Beneficial association: arugula, tomato, carrot, beans Harmful
association: none

Artichoke

Place: semi shade
Sowing: direct or nursery in crescent
Depth of planting: 4 cm
Watering: normal
Germination: 12 to 15 days
Transplanting: 30 days
Harvest: 1 year on full moon
Beneficial association: peas, beans, lettuce, radishes Harmful
association: none

Celery

Place: full sun
Sowing: nursery in crescent
Depth of planting: 0.5 cm
Watering: abundant
Germination: 15 to 20 days
Harvest: 2 months on full moon
Beneficial association: eggplant, broccoli, cauliflower, spinach, cucumber, lettuce, beans, leek, cabbage, radish Harmful
association: potato and carrot

Broccoli

Place: semi shade
Sowing: nursery in crescent
Depth of sowing: 1.5 cm
Watering: abundant
Germination: 5 to 10 days
Harvest: 2 to 3 months on full moon
Beneficial association: peas, basil, celery, nasturtium, onion, coriander, dill, lettuce, chamomile, mint, oregano, potato, beans, beetroot, rue, thyme
Harmful association: strawberries, tomato

Onion

Location: full
sun Sowing: direct in the waning quarter
Sowing depth: 1 cm
Watering: abundant
Germination: 10 to 15 days
Harvest: 3 to 6 months on the new moon
Beneficial association: eggplant, broccoli, corn, strawberry, lettuce, melon, cucumber, leek, beetroot, cabbage, watermelon, tomato, carrot, Italian squash
Harmful association: peas, cauliflower, beans

Green onion (chives)

Location: full sun
Sowing: last quarter seedling
Sowing depth: 1 cm
Watering: abundant
Germination: 10 to 15 days
Transplanting: 20 days
Harvest: 3 to 4 months on the new moon
Beneficial association: tomato, carrot
Harmful association: peas, beans, beans

Chives

Place: semi shade
Sowing: direct in crescent
Depth of sowing: 0.5 cm
Watering: normal
Germination: 12 to 15 days
Transplanting: 30 days
Harvest: 3 months on full moon
Charity:  carrot

Cilantro

Place: semi shade
Sowing: direct in crescent
Depth of sowing: 1 cm
Watering: abundant
Germination: 10 to 12 days
Harvest: 2 months on full moon
Beneficial association: none
Harmful association: none

Cauliflower

Location: full shade
Sowing: crescent seedling
Sowing depth: max. 1 cm
Watering: abundant
Germination: 6 to 10 days
Transplanting: 3 months
Harvest: 6 to 7 months on full moon
Beneficial association: basil, celery, parsley, beetroot, beans, tomato
Harmful association: onion, strawberry, potato, cabbage

Spinach

Place: semi shade
Sowing: direct on crescent moon
Sowing depth: 2 cm
Watering: moderate
Germination: 8 to 10 days
Harvest: 2 months, crescent moon
Beneficial association: garlic, celery, peas, eggplant, strawberry, cucumber, beans, leek, tomato
Harmful association: fennel, potato, cucumber, beetroot

Lettuce

Place: semi shade
Sowing: direct in crescent
Depth of sowing: 0.5 cm
Watering: normal
Germination: 5 to 10 days
Harvest: 3 months on full moon
Beneficial association: chili pepper, garlic, artichoke, spinach, turnip, broad beans, melon, leek, radish, pumpkin, tomato, rue, cucumber, oregano, cabbage, watermelon
Harmful association: celery, parsley, sunflower, watercress

Melon

Place: semi-shade
Sowing: direct or in nursery in crescent
Depth of sowing: 3 to 4 cm.
Watering: normal
Germination: 3 to 7 days
Transplanting: 30 to 40 days
Harvest: 3 to 4 months on a full moon
Charity: chard, broccoli, corn, lettuce

Turnip

Place: semi-shade
Sowing: direct or in a nursery in the waning quarter
Sowing depth: 3 to 4 cm.
Watering: abundant
Germination: 6 to 8 days
Transplanting: 15 to 20 days
Harvest: 3 months on the new moon
Charity: peas, lettuce, cucumber, beetroot, cabbage
Harmful association: radish

Potato

Location: full sun
Sowing: direct in the waning quarter
Sowing depth: 7 to 8 cm (plant pieces of potato or seed potato)
Watering: normal, one week before harvesting do not water
Germination: 20 to 40 days
Harvest: 3 months on the new moon
Charity: eggplant, corn, broccoli, beans, leek, radish, cabbage, carrot
Harmful association: chili pepper, garlic, peas, strawberry, sunflower, cucumber, watermelon, tomato, pumpkin, Italian squash

Parsley

Place: semi shade
Sowing: direct in crescent
Depth of planting: 1 cm
Watering: normal
Germination: 7 to 25 days
Harvest: 1 month on full moon
Beneficial association: chili pepper, broccoli, green onion, chives, cauliflower, asparagus, corn, bell pepper, beans, cabbage, tomato
Harmful association: coriander, dill, fennel, lettuce, carrot

Leek

Place: semi shade
Sowing: nursery  in the last quarter
Sowing depth: 1 to 2 cm
Watering: normal
Germination: 10 to 12 days
Transplanting: 30 days
Harvest: 4 to 5 months in new moon
Charity: garlic, celery, onion, spinach, strawberry, lettuce, potato, beetroot, cabbage, tomato, carrot
Harmful association: peas, broad beans, beans, radish

Cabbage

Place: full sun
Sowing: in nursery in crescent
Depth of planting: 0.5 cm
Watering: normal
Germination: 6 to 9 days
Transplanting: 30 to 40 days
Harvest: 3 months on full moon
Beneficial association: chard, celery, peas, dill, spinach, broad bean, lettuce, chamomile, mint, bell pepper, turnip, oregano, potato, cucumber, leek, beetroot, rosemary, rue, tomato, thyme
harmful association: garlic, strawberries, beans

Rosemary

Location: full sun
Sowing: in nursery in crescent
Depth of planting: 1 cm
Watering: normal
Germination: 15 to 30 days
Transplanting: 2 months
Harvest: 3 to 4 months on full moon
Beneficial association: cabbage, beans, carrots Harmful
association: none

Rocket

Location: full sun
Sowing: direct in crescent
Depth of sowing: max. 1 cm
Watering: normal
Germination: 8 to 10 days
Harvest: 3 months on full moon
Beneficial association: chard, eggplant, tomato, pepper
Harmful association: radish, cabbage, turnip

Watermelon

Place: full sun
Sowing: direct or nursery in crescent
Depth of sowing: 3 to 4 cm
Watering: normal, avoid wetting leaves
Germination: 6 to 8 days
Transplanting: 1 month
Harvest: 3 to 4 months on full moon
Beneficial association: peas, onions, corn, lettuce Harmful
association: potato

 

Carrot

Place: semi shade
Sowing: direct in the last quarter
Sowing depth: 1 to 2 cm
Watering: normal
Germination: 12 to 15 days
Harvest: 4 months on the new moon
Charity: chard, garlic, peas, eggplant, onion, broccoli, green onion, chives, cilantro, spinach, beans, cucumber, lettuce, bell pepper, tomato, sage
Harmful association: celery, coriander, dill, parsley, mint, fennel

 

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Dolocrasia - by cronywell 26/01/2025 » 18:20 

The democratic system is going through a deep crisis due to the growing influence of economic power. It is no longer necessarily the most qualified people or those with the greatest political experience who access power, but those who have more resources for their campaigns, either by the number of donors or by their own personal fortune.

This phenomenon has generated a significant shift in citizen power. Decisions no longer fall to local political forces or traditional representatives; It is large corporations that, through their domination of economic flows, exert a determining influence on global politics.

The average citizen, constantly exposed to an avalanche of advertising messages, tends to favor candidates with greater media presence. These corporations, which make windfall profits through contracts in strategic sectors such as defense, energy, technology, entertainment, and gambling, have consolidated their power in the political system.

It is imperative to reform this scheme that distorts the essence of democracy and undermines the true decision-making power of the people in strategic matters. The transformation of the current system has become an urgent need to restore democratic balance and give the voice back to the citizenry.

The disconnect between rulers and governance, a product of this dynamic, has generated a growing distrust among citizens, who feel that their voice is drowned in a sea of corporate interests. Democracy, conceived as a system where each individual has a weight in decision-making, becomes a game of chess where the pieces are moved by those who have accumulated enough capital to influence the results. Campaign finance programmes, in many cases, are designed to sustain this vicious cycle, where promises of donor-friendly policies take precedence over the needs of the population.

The dilemma we face is critical: how can the citizen regain his power in a system where his only role seems to be that of receiver of manipulated information and voter in an election limited by economic interests? The solution lies not simply in regulating campaign financing, but in a deeper cultural and political transformation that empowers voters. This includes promoting civic education, encouraging citizen participation in decision-making at more local levels, and transparency in government action.

Likewise, reforms must consider the creation of alternatives to the large political parties dominated by money, allowing new political forces to emerge that truly represent the interests of the citizenry. Voting systems and public participation in elections must be reviewed to ensure that candidates are not only those who have access to large capital, but those who possess a genuine connection to the needs and aspirations of the community.

Finally, to reverse this situation of democratic crisis, it is vital to cultivate a sense of solidarity and shared responsibility among citizens, creating networks of mutual support that encourage the articulation of collective demands. Democracy must be refocused not only as a mechanism of election, but as a continuous process of collaboration and dialogue between citizens and their representatives, where the real power resides in the people. Only in this way will we be able to aspire to a democratic system that is not on a tightrope, but robust, inclusive and truly representative.

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